Projection

class showermodel.projection.Projection(telescope, track)

Bases: DataFrame

DataFrame containing the projection of a shower track.

The track is viewed from a telescope position in both horizontal coordinates system and FoV coordinates system as well as the fraction of the track within the telescope field of view.

Parameters

telescope (Telescope) – Telescope object to be used.
track (Track or Shower) – Track object to be used.

distance

Column 0, shower-to-telescope distance in km.

Type: float

alt

Column 1, altitude in degrees (from horizon).

Type: float

az

Column 2, azimuth in degrees (from north, clockwise).

Type: float

theta

Column 3, offset angle in degrees relative to the telescope pointing direction.

Type: float

phi

Column 4, position angle in degrees from north in FoV projection.

Type: float

beta

Column 5, angle in degrees relative to the apparent source position.

Type: float

time

Column 6, arrival time in microseconds of photons emitted at each point of the shower, where time=0 for photons produced at the top of the atmosphere.

Type: float

FoV

Column 7, True if the shower point is within the telescope field of view, False otherwise.

Type: bool

atmosphere

Atmosphere object that is used.

Type: Atmosphere

track

Track object that is used.

Type: Track

telescope

Telescope object that is used.

Type: Telescope

distance_top

Distance in km to shower point at the top of the atmosphere.

Type: float

beta_top

Beta angle in degrees of the shower point at the top of the atmosphere.

Type: float

distance_0

Distance in km to the shower impact point at ground.

Type: float

beta_0

Beta angle in degrees of the shower impact point at ground.

Type: float

distance_i

Distance in km to the first interaction point of the shower.

Type: float

beta_i

Beta angle in degrees of the first interaction point of the shower.

Type: float

distance_min

Minimum distance in km to (infinite) line going to the shower axis.

Type: float

alt_inf

Altitude in degrees of the apparent source position.

Type: float

az_inf

Azimuth in degrees of the apparent source position.

Type: float

theta_inf

Offset angle in degrees of the apparent source position.

Type: float

phi_inf

Position angle in degrees of the apparent source position.

Type: float

show(): Show the projection of the shower track viewed by the telescope.

hor_to_FoV(): Convert cartesian coordinates from horizontal system to FoV system.

FoV_to_hor(): Convert cartesian coordinates from FoV system to horizontal system.

thetaphi_to_altaz(): Convert FoV coordinates theta/phi to horizontal coordinates alt/az.

altaz_to_thetaphi(): Convert horizontal coordinates alt/az to FoV coordinates theta/phi.

spherical(): Calculate the spherical coordinates in both horizontal and FoV systems.

Methods:

Projection.show(axes=True, max_theta=30.0, X_mark=None)

Show the projection of the shower track viewed by the telescope in both horizontal and FoV coordinates systems.

Parameters

axes (bool, default True) – Show the axes of both frames of reference.
max_theta (float, default 30 degrees) – Maximum offset angle in degrees relative to the telescope pointing direction.
X_mark (float) – Reference slant depth in g/cm^2 of the shower track to be marked in the figure. If None, no mark is included.

Returns

ax1, ax2

Return type

PolarAxesSubplot

Projection.hor_to_FoV(x_hor, y_hor, z_hor)

Convert cartesian coordinates from horizontal system to FoV system.

In the FoV coordinates system, x_FoV grows in the right-hand direction, y_FoV grows downward and z_FoV grows toward the pointing direction from the telescope point of view.

Parameters

x_hor (float or array-like) –
y_hor (float or array-like) –
z_hor (float or array-like) –

Returns

x_FoV, y_FoV, z_FoV

Return type

floar or array_like

See also

Projection.FoV_to_hor: Convert cartesian coordinates from FoV system to horizontal system.
Projection.altaz_to_thetaphi: Convert horizontal coordinates alt, az to FoV coordinates theta, phi.

Projection.FoV_to_hor(x_FoV, y_FoV, z_FoV)

Convert cartesian coordinates from FoV system to horizontal system.

In the FoV coordinates system, x_FoV grows in the right-hand direction, y_FoV grows downward and z_FoV grows toward the pointing direction from the telescope point of view.

Parameters

x_FoV (float or array_like) –
y_FoV (float or array_like) –
z_FoV (float or array_like) –

Returns

x_hor, y_hor, z_hor

Return type

float or array_like.

See also

Projection.hor_to_FoV: Convert cartesian coordinates from horizontal system to FoV system.
Projection.thetaphi_to_altaz: Convert FoV coordinates theta, phi to horizontal coordinates alt, az.

Projection.thetaphi_to_altaz(theta, phi)

Convert FoV coordinates theta, phi to horizontal coordinates alt, az.

Parameters

theta (float or array_like) –
phi (float or array_like) –

Returns

alt, az

Return type

float or array_like

See also

Projection.FoV_to_hor: Convert cartesian coordinates from FoV system to horizontal system.
Projection.altaz_to_thetaphi: Convert horizontal coordinates alt, az to FoV coordinates theta, phi.

Projection.altaz_to_thetaphi(alt, az)

Convert polar horizontal coordinates alt, az to FoV coordinates theta, phi.

Parameters

alt (float or array_like) –
az (float or array_like) –

Returns

theta, phi

Return type

float or array-like

See also

Projection.hor_to_FoV: Convert cartesian coordinates from horizontal system to FoV system.
Projection.thetaphi_to_altaz: Convert FoV coordinates theta, phi to horizontal coordinates alt, az.

Projection.spherical(x, y, z)

Calculate the spherical coordinates in both horizontal and FoV systems from the ‘absolute’ x, y, z coordinates.

Parameters

x (float or array_like) –
y (float or array_like) –
z (float or array_like) –

Returns

distance, alt, az, theta, phi

Return type

float or array_like